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Severe Alcohol or Drug Withdrawal: When to Seek Emergency Care
Summary
Experiencing withdrawal from alcohol or drugs can be distressing and, in some cases, dangerous. It's important to recognize the symptoms that require immediate medical attention. This handout will guide you on what to do, what to avoid, and when to seek emergency care.
What Is This & Why It Matters
Substance withdrawal occurs when someone who has been regularly using alcohol or drugs stops or significantly reduces their intake. This change can lead to serious health risks, including changes in vital signs or seizures. According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) guidelines, withdrawal symptoms can include tremors, hallucinations, agitation, a high fever, and a rapid heartbeat. It's crucial to seek medical intervention promptly to ensure safety.
What You Should Do
- Go to the Emergency Room (ER) immediately if you experience severe symptoms.
- Stay hydrated by drinking water or an electrolyte drink regularly.
- Keep a support person with you at all times for assistance.
- Monitor your heart rate and body temperature if possible.
- Take slow, deep breaths to help manage anxiety and agitation.
- Rest in a safe environment where you won't be disturbed.
- Inform medical staff about any substances you have been using.
- Follow medical advice given by healthcare providers closely.
What You Should NOT Do
- Do not ignore severe symptoms or wait for them to pass on their own.
- Avoid consuming more alcohol or drugs in an attempt to alleviate withdrawal symptoms.
- Refrain from driving or operating heavy machinery while experiencing withdrawal.
- Do not attempt self-treatment with over-the-counter medications without consulting a doctor.
- Avoid being alone during intense withdrawal episodes.
- Do not underestimate the severity of withdrawal symptoms.
- Refrain from strenuous physical activity that could increase heart rate.
Symptoms: Normal vs Warning Signs
Normal (Don't Worry)
- Mild tremors or shaking in the hands.
- Increased feelings of anxiety or restlessness.
- Sweating more than usual without physical exertion.
- Trouble sleeping or experiencing vivid dreams.
- Feeling nauseous or having an upset stomach.
Call Your Doctor If...
- Experiencing hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there).
- Having a seizure or convulsions that last more than a few seconds.
- Feeling extremely confused or disoriented about time and place.
- A heart rate exceeding 120 beats per minute while resting.
- A fever higher than 101°F (38.3°C).
- Severe chest pain that does not subside quickly.
- Breathing difficulties such as shortness of breath or rapid breathing.
- Uncontrolled vomiting that persists for hours.
- Loss of consciousness at any point during withdrawal.
FAQ
What should I do if I start feeling withdrawal symptoms?
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms are severe. For milder symptoms, stay hydrated and rest in a safe environment.
Can I manage alcohol withdrawal at home?
While mild symptoms might be manageable at home, severe cases require professional medical monitoring.
How long do withdrawal symptoms last?
Withdrawal symptoms can vary but generally last from several days up to two weeks, depending on various factors.
What medications can help with withdrawal?
Only a healthcare provider can prescribe medications that are safe and effective for managing withdrawal symptoms.
When should I call my doctor instead of going to the ER?
Call your doctor if your symptoms are mild but persistent; however, go directly to the ER for severe symptoms like seizures or hallucinations.